The arab spring would can be considered as a consequence of the globalization of democratic norms, new media technologies, educated and globalized and digitalsavvy youth as main agent of change. The arab spring and turkeys relations with hamas and the palestinian. List of books and articles about arab spring online. The political causes of the arab spring the arab spring can be analysed in many ways. Home this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. Yet, the legacy of a similar uprising the arab revolt of 1916 to expel fourcenturyold ottoman rule carries many lessons for the arab spring. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. When the arab spring began, tunisia had an established infrastructure and a lower level of petty corruption than did other states, such as libya. The arab spring was essentially a series of fabricated coup detats and revolutions carried out by the cia, mi6, mossad, dsge and gid throughout the middle east and north africa. Spring black hills turkey an unlimited number of licenses were available and 4,545 licenses were issued for the 2019 spring black hills turkey season 2,941 residents, 1,604 nonresidents. The arab spring reveals a number of contradictions and constraints as well as opportunities for turkish foreign policy, all of which are of key relevance both to turkey and to its transatlantic partners. This zine presents two articles and a timeline regarding the arab spring of 2011. Some protesters looked to the turkish model as an ideal contested but peaceful elections, fastgrowing but liberal economy, secular. Turkey as an alternative model for the arab spring countries.
Abstractthe arab spring truly caught turkey by surprise. Local youths quickly protested out of sympathy, and the protests. Germany and the arab spring timo behr th october 2012 on the wrong side of history. Turkey and the arab spring turkeys neighbourhood has been volatile and is coming to shape the broader parameters of turkeys foreign policy. Much of the analyses of german reactions to the arab spring uprisings have focused on germanys contentious decision relating to libya. One of the primary influences that have been highlighted in the analysis of the arab spring is the relative strength or weakness of a societys formal and informal institutions prior to the revolts. Arab spring, 2010 revolutions arab countries history 21st century. As the arab spring progressed, realpolitik came to the fore. In the years leading up to the arab spring, islamist.
Beginning about three years ago in tunisia, and spreading to a number of other arab countries thereafter, what has become known unfortunately1 as the arab spring took experts, locals and media observers of all stripes by surprise. Islamism and turkeys foreign policy during the arab spring. Revolution and counterrevolution in the arab spring turkey s vocal support for democratization in the context of the arab. Parks on november 45, 2011, the asan institute for policy studies held the first asan middle east. European union institute for security studies may 2017 1 when the arab spring occurred in 2011, many observers both in the middle east and north africa menaope,and saweur the popular uprisings as a chance to enact regionwide reforms and advance towards more accountable, democratic and economically sus. In syria, a peace plan was delivered not by a sunni arab power, but by russia, iran and turkey. While its location has offered opportunities and threats, especially during the cold war, the recent drastic transformations in turkeys immediate neighbourhood are again prompting. Turkey and the arab spring turkey s neighbourhood has been volatile and is coming to shape the broader parameters of turkey s foreign policy. Implications for united states foreign policy nicole v. Arab countries politics and government 21st century. The arab spring has made the middle east and africa less attractive to certain investors, but there is still plenty on offer in the battle for capital, panelists said during a cnbc. Beginning about three years ago in tunisia, and spreading to a number of other arab countries thereafter, what has become known unfortunately as the arab spring took experts, locals and media observers of all stripes by surprise.
Arab spring provoked, particularly the role of the media new and otherwise in empowering and even causing the uprisings. The current year, 2016, is a watershed in the history of the middle east. Between expectations and disillusion henner furtig article outline 1 introduction 2 iranian foreign policy and the arab spring 3 reactions in the arab world 4 the struggle for the prerogative of interpretation of the arab spring inside iran 5 conclusion references. Plus, for many muslims in the middle east, including the youth who look at the turkey of today and want democracy, turkey s unique past militant secularism, such as the headscarf ban, would be unacceptable. Turkey was already highly constrained in pursuing these foreign policy goals, but they will take second place to. Arab spring economist world news, politics, economics. Turkey and the european union following the arab spring.
United states, saudi arabia, turkey, qatar, jordania, israel 7. Mediation as a foreign policy tool in the arab spring. All licenses consisted of single tags for male turkeys only. Nov 15, 2011 arab spring fall 2011 the startling wave of popular protest movements in the arab world caught the world by surprise and continues to evolve in unpredictable ways. The reason is that the arab world in the modern, postindependence era, had. The arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. Under akp rule, turkeys relations with arab countries deepened. This pioneering elucidation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. In addition, the article discusses how this issue affects relations among the aforementioned. The first protests of the arab spring in tunisia in december 2010 were quickly dismissed as another bout of bread riots. Arab spring fall 2011 clarke forum for contemporary issues. These prodemocracy movements rose up against the dictatorial regimes and corrupt leaders that had ruled for decades in some cases. It was an extreme act by a young man who had reached the end of his tether. The politics and ideologies that shape middle east 4.
Turkey as an alternative model for the arab spring countries hanefi yaz. The democratic momentum of the arab spring faltered, while erdo. Arising in large part in reaction to economic stresses, societal changes, and entrenched corrupt and repressive rule, the arab spring began in tunisia in dec. Andrew lewis, 22, is a member of telecomix, western hacktivists helping protesters in the middle east evade regime. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. The rise and fall of turkey as a model for the arab world. Three major realities were political reason that motivated the population to take the streets. The role of information communication technologies in the arab spring pdf. Reform and capacity building in the turkish foreign ministry. May 29, 2012 today, the arabs are rising against their despotic regimes and leaders in search for liberty and freedom. The survey sample size was 794 19% of hunters and the response rate was 76%. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Since december 2010 the world has watched as demonstrations and protests spread across countries in north africa and the middle east.
How to think about the middle east before the arab spring. In this landmark book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings that have engulfed multiple countries and political climes from morocco to iran and from syria to yemen, are driven by a delayed defiance a point of rebellion against domestic tyranny and globalized. Turkish involvement in the arab spring and the syrian civil war began at a time when turkey s impressive record of democratic progress and economic growth in the 2000s fueled remarkable optimism domestically and internationally about the countrys potentially democratizing influence in the greater middle east, often discussed as the turkish model. Saudi arabia, turkey, egypt, pakistan, kuwait, jordan, bahrain, united arab emirates, and qatar also owe their allegiance to the aaa but some of these may be changing. A series of ciacoordinated color revolutions delineated by obamas presidential study directive 11. The first use of arab spring i can find was in foreign policy on jan. Turkey and the arab spring situated at the interstices of europe and the middle east, turkey has a unique and changing role in both regions. But their purpose, relative success, and outcome remain hotly disputed in arab countries, among foreign observers, and between world powers looking to cash in on the changing map of the middle east. The hacktivists of telecomix lend a hand to the arab spring. Despite longstanding allegiances to the west, during the last decade dominated by the islamist justice and development party akp and its charismatic leader. Jul 09, 20 the arab spring has made the middle east and africa less attractive to certain investors, but there is still plenty on offer in the battle for capital, panelists said during a cnbc debate at the. In interpreting what was happening in the region, turkeys foreign policymakers. Mapping the obama administrations response to the arab spring. More than an arab spring 37 a tsunami of change 39 the arab versus the french revolution 40 iii.
Turkeys failed policy toward the arab spring department of. The arab spring started in tunisia in late 2010, when a selfimmolation of a street vendor in a provincial town of sidi bouzid sparked mass antigovernment protests. It has been almost 5 years since the beginning of the socalled arab spring, which for many turned suddenly into winter. Arab spring meps and mps from african, caribbean and pacific acp countries are to vote on a resolution on the consequences of the arab spring on subsaharan africa wednesday afternoon. Jul 16, 2011 the first protests of the arab spring in tunisia in december 2010 were quickly dismissed as another bout of bread riots. Oct 09, 2015 it was nice to think the regions uprisings werent about the united states, or didnt have to be. Turkey was already highly constrained in pursuing these foreign policy goals, but. Turkey and iran are on opposite sides of a bloody civil war in syria.
Aug 28, 2019 the arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. Algeria underwent a political opening too, one that commenced in november 1988 with the adoption of a number of politi cal reforms that seemed to open the way for the dismantling of single. Demonstrators swept leaders from power in tunisia and egypt, and a popular rebellion overthrew the libyan government. The list of available trees as well as some early adopters is included below. A year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Included are the results of a bibliometric study that compared the frequency in which various descriptors appeared in major englishlanguage news sources. Among the most optimistic about the arab spring were the leaders of turkey, who saw the upheaval as an opportunity to realize their neoottoman dream of positioning turkey as a regional leader. Aug 15, 20 the rise and fall of turkey as a model for the arab world.
It was nice to think the regions uprisings werent about the united states, or didnt have to be. A year ago this weekend a 26yearold tunisian named mohamed bouazizi set himself on fire. Someone called these revolutionary events arab spring, and the phrase stuck. He was a 26year veteran of the united states air force and served in turkey, germany, and at the u. Protesters shout slogans against military rulers in front of egyptian military police standing guard near the ministry of defense in the abbassiya district of cairo. Practical geopolitical reasoning in the turkish and qatari. The reason is that the arab world in the modern, postindependence era, had heretofore been generally quiescent politically in the.
When it comes to politics, clear political factors emerge as important reasons for the uprising in the muslim world. The arab spring, also called the arab awakening, is a term used to refer to a wave of peaceful and violent demonstrations, civil unrest, and civil war that began with the collapse of the. Abstract since the beginning of the arab spring, whether or not the turkish model will be the best democratic model for. Bridging the gap between ideas and institutions bulent aras 4. During the kosovo conflict, he worked under javier solana, secretary general of nato, helping to develop a strategic communication capability to build public support for the nato campaign. President barack obama declared that a great new chapter in history was emerging in the arab world. Nov 06, 2016 also known as psd11, this covert plan served as the official blueprint for the u. Five years later, arab spring optimism has collapsed, and with it, turkish ambitions and influence. Parsing arab spring northwestern university in qatar. Turkeys role in the arab spring and the syrian conflict tpq. Arab regimes responded by making adjustments to food prices and offering. Parks on november 45, 2011, the asan institute for policy studies held the first asan middle east conference, a biennial gathering of the worlds foremost experts on the middle east and north africa mena region. While its location has offered opportunities and threats, especially during the cold war, the recent drastic transformations in turkey s immediate neighbourhood are again prompting. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the middle east known as the arab spring.